Background and purpose: Shoulder injuries are very common among volleyball players. Functional Disability of shoulder is one of the most important reasons for the players’ absence in match and training sessions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of shoulder pain and Functional Disability among Iranian premier league volleyball players and also to determine the correlation between pain prevalence and Functional Disability with some factors such as age, gender, body type and the activity of these players.Materials and methods: Following ethical approval from the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, a cross-sectional study was carried out on 103 volleyball players of whom 55 were male (mean age 23.21±3.80 years old, mean height 190.69±8.77 cm and mean weight 84.60±10.4 Kg) and 48 were female (mean age 24.0±7.63 years old, mean height 170.94±4.72 cm and mean weight 61.42±6.58 Kg). Information including demographic and sport characteristics were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. Visual Analogue Scale questionnaire was completed to determine the pain intensity and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire was used in order to assess the Functional Disability.Results: The results indicated that 22% of the volleyball players reported pain at the time of completing the questionnaire (point prevalence); 29% during last six months; 36% during last year and 38% suffered during their lifetime. Almost 70% reported a level of Functional Disability with the average DASH score of 12.7±9.2. No significant difference was found in pain intensity and Functional Disability of shoulder between male and female volleyball players (P>0.05). Moreover, we found a significant correlation between pain prevalence and body mass index, level of sport, number of training days per week, number of training sessions per week and number of training sessions per day (P<0.05).Conclusion: This research found a high prevalence of shoulder pain and Functional shoulder Disability among Iranian premier league volleyball players. Considering identified risk factors, more focus on preventive strategies is recommended to prevent shoulder injuries among Iranian volleyball players.

Introduction: In process of getting old, different systems of the body get weak and this increases the dependence of adults on other people. The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of musculoskeletal pain and its correlation with Functional Disability.Methods: In this cross-sectional study 1614 old persons participated. The study was done in Amir cola in 1390-91. The information was gathered by three questionnaires of demographic features, pain and Functional Disability (Katz Scale). The data was analyzed by the chi square statistical test.Results: 54.7% of the participants were male and 45.35 were female. Pain was reported for 1330 people (82.4%) that 47.5% was in upper body, 73.2% in lower body and 24.5% in head and neck. Pain in upper body was mostly reported in shoulders for 606 people (37.5%) and for lower body mostly in knees for 1018 people (63.1%). Pain was reported in females more than males and females had pain in lower body (knee) more than other parts of the body. In this study 3.7% of people had Functional Disability. There was no significant correlation between pain and Functional Disability (P=0.24).Conclusions: The results of this research showed high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in old people of Amir cola. Prevalence of pain in women was higher than in man. The most prevalent of pain area was knee joint. This indicates the necessity of medical interventions in form of prevention training.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of consecutively supervised core stability training on postural control and Functional Disability in female patients with non-specific chronic low back pain.Methods: Twenty nine female participants with non-specific chronic low back pain participated in the study. They were randomly divided into two groups: experimental group (10 days consecutively core stability exercises under physical therapist‘s supervision) and control group (without intervention). Before and after the intervention, stability situations, pain intensity and Functional Disability were assessed with Biodex, visual Analogue Scale, Oswestry and Quebec questionnaire scales respectively. Data were analyzed by using statistical methods, independent T test and ANCOVA.Results: The study results indicated no statistically significant differences in all variables except age between two groups before intervention. Analysis by ANCOVA showed a significant difference in Disability, pain intensity, Overall Stability Index with Double Leg Eyes Closed, Anterior-Posterior Stability Index with Double Leg Eyes Closed and Medio-Lateral Stability Index with Double Leg Eyes Closed scores between two groups after intervention. However, other variable differences were not significant while these changes were greater in the intervention group.Discussion: The present study indicates that consecutively supervised core stability training is an effective approach in pain relief and improving postural control in female patients with non-specific chronic low back pain.